This was called "Dale's Law. The neurotransmitter molecules then diffuse across the synaptic cleft where they can bind with receptor sites on the postsynaptic ending to influence the electrical response in the postsynaptic neuron.
In the figure on the right, the postsynaptic ending is a dendrite axodendritic synapse , but synapses can occur on axons axoaxonic synapse and cell bodies axosomatic synapse.
When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on the postsynaptic side of the synapse, it changes the postsynaptic cell's excitability: it makes the postsynaptic cell either more or less likely to fire an action potential.
If the number of excitatory postsynaptic events is large enough, they will add to cause an action potential in the postsynaptic cell and a continuation of the "message. Many psychoactive drugs and neurotoxins can change the properties of neurotransmitter release, neurotransmitter reuptake and the availability of receptor binding sites.
Sherrington, in It was probably Charles S. Sherrington who coined the term synapse. The word "synapse" is derived from the Greek words "syn" and "haptein" that mean "together" and "to clasp," respectively. They are who you are. See some synapses "Up Close and Personal". Play the Interactive Word Search Game on the neuron and neurotransmitters. Play an Outside Game to reinforce what you have learned about the synapse.
Color the synapse online: Picture 1 Picture 2. Otherwise, our muscles would constantly be competing with one another, which would result in complete rigidity and make movement or even standing in one place impossible.
Sherrington didn't discover the phenomenon of reciprocal innervation, but he spent years studying it and in the process gave us a better understanding of how it works. His investigations of reciprocal innervation led to a number of experiments on complex reflexes involved in movements like walking, running, and even scratching. His work helped us to understand how some reflexes involve chaining together several simple reflexive actions to create a seemingly complicated behavioral display.
Sherrington's focus on spinal nerves and reflexes led him to map the motor nerves traveling from the spinal cord to the muscles and the sensory nerves traveling from the muscles to the spinal corda task which took him almost ten years.
He also explored the functionality of these nerves, helping to create a map of the area of the body served by a single spinal nerve areas known as dermatomes. And he mapped the ape motor cortex , expanding on previous maps that had been made with dogs and monkeys. Thus, although Sherrington may be best known for his naming of the synapse, his other workwhich was broad but focused a great deal on muscles, movement, and reflexeswas probably even more valuable to our overall understanding of the nervous system.
Sherrington won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in just as he was entering into his retirement, as recognition for his wide-ranging contributions to neuroscience. He continued to write into retirement, and branched out from scientific writing to publish a collection of poems as well as a book that focused on philosophical themes like the relationship between the mind, brain, and soul. He died in at the age of ninety-five.
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