Create a free Team What is Teams? Learn more. Ask Question. Asked 7 years ago. Active 2 months ago. Viewed 27k times. Saturn V: Atlas: These particles are particularly prominent in Falcon 9. What are they? Improve this question. That rocket is shedding like crazy. Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. Improve this answer. Anthony X Anthony X With launchers using liquid hydrogen LH2 , its temperature is low enough to condense and freeze surrounding atmospheric air on contact.
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At launch it will weigh kilograms 1, pounds , consisting of the kilogram pound dry spacecraft plus kilograms pounds of fuel. Each stage has its own rocket motor. The first two stages use liquid rocket fuel. The third stage uses solid rocket fuel. Sixty-six seconds after liftoff the 6 solid rocket "strap-ons" are discarded and fall into the ocean.
Three of the six solid rocket strap-ons will be discarded first, and the other three strap-on boosters will be jettisoned one second later, while the first stage continues to burn. At this point, the launch vehicle will be at an altitude of The final three rocket boosters are then ignited, and then jettisoned, about 2 minutes, 12 seconds after launch.
The central first stage continues to burn for over 4 minutes. The main body of the first stage is 2. It is powered by an RSA engine, which uses 96, kilograms , pounds of RP-1 rocket propellant 1, a highly refined kerosene and liquid oxygen as its fuel and oxidizer. One stage down, two more to go!
The second stage is 2. The oxidizer is 2, kilograms 4, pounds of nitrogen tetroxide. The engine is restartable, and will perform two separate burns during the launch. The metal shell fairings covering the spacecraft is discarded 4. The second-stage burn ends about 10 minutes after liftoff. At this point, the vehicle will be in a low-Earth orbit at an altitude of kilometers miles. Depending on the actual launch date and time, the vehicle will then coast for several minutes.
Once the vehicle is at the correct point in its orbit, the second stage will be restarted for a brief second burn. Before the third stage's rocket is fired to get the spacecraft out of Earth orbit and on its way to Mars, it has to be "spun up" first.
Small rockets are used to make the third stage spin about its long axis. Actually, the third stage will spin on turntable attached to the second stage. The third and final stage of the Delta is a Thiokol Star 48B booster, the same final stage used in the launch of Mars Global Surveyor. The Star 48B measures 2. Its motor carries solid propellant composed of a mixture of aluminum, ammonium perchlorate and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene HTPB solid propellant. The spinning third stage separates from the second stage, and the the third stage motor ignites, sending the vehicle out of earth orbit.
The reason we want the vehicle to spin during this burn is so it stays pointed where we need it to point. Spinning it stabilizes it, like a spinning bullet fired from a rifle. A nutation control system a thruster on an arm mounted on the side of the third stage will be used to maintain stability during this final burn. Now, the third stage, with its solid rocket fuel exhausted, and with the spacecraft attached, are on their way to Mars.
However, the spinning upper stage and the attached Mars Odyssey Orbiter must now be despun so that the spacecraft can be separated and acquire its proper cruise orientation.
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